Biography Club Chelsea



1. Didier Drogba
 

Name: Didier Drogba
Nationality: Ivorian
Date of Birth: 11/03/1978
Height:6' 2" (189cm)
Weight:14st 5lbs (91.0kg)
Previous  
Clubs:Marseille, Guingamp
Position: Striker

Chelsea career
When Didier signed from Marseille in the summer of 2004 he was a big man with a growing reputation, Though a groin operation forced him out for two months midway through his first Chelsea season and it took time to reach full power again, he ended the league-winning campaign with 16 goals to his name in all competitions, including one in the victorious Carling Cup Final against Liverpool.

In 2005/06 his season's tally was again 16, 12 coming during the successful defence of the Premiership, but before that triumph, there was also adversity.

Following handball incidents in two games and accusations of diving in the media, it took character to respond with an awe-inspiring showing against West Ham at the Bridge in March 2006.

Chelsea came back from a goal and a man down to win that game 4-1, prompting then manager Jose Mourinho to say: 'Didier should go home, switch on the TV, listen to the pundits, buy every single paper tomorrow and listen and read to see if the same people who wanted to kill him have now the common sense to say what he deserves.'

The 2006/07 campaign was when it all came together for the Ivorian, whose pace, strength and aerial power had made him the type of forward not seen at Chelsea for some time. He netted 33 times in all competitions after moulding a strike partnership with newly-arrived Andriy Shevchenko.

His 20 goals in the league won him the Premier League's Golden Boot for the first time. His 60 games tally was the second highest appearances in a season in the club's history - and he ended the campaign with the first club goal at the new Wembley as Chelsea beat Manchester United 1-0 in stoppage time of the 2007 FA Cup Final.

There were high hopes that he could reach the heights again in 2007/08 but knee injuries and an African Nations Cup meant it was hard to put a run of games together, and he ended a disrupted season with 15 goals, including another at Wembley in the Carling Cup Final defeat to Spurs.

After his double at the Bridge against Liverpool in the semi-finals, the Champions League ended with shame as he was red-carded the Final in Moscow against Man United.

If there had been ups and downs in that campaign, 2008/09 would be even more extraordinary.

The arrival of Luiz Felipe Scolari into the manager's chair was greeted with excitement, but the Brazilian struggled to utilise the injury-affected Didier alongside the free-scoring Nicolas Anelka, eventually opting to go with the Frenchman alone.

Lacking match fitness, Didier found it hard to make an impact in the first half of that season, eventually doing so against Burnley in the Carling Cup, but after a fine individual goal, he reacted to coins thrown from the away end and was punished with a three-match ban that further hinder his involvement.

Scolari's dismissal and Guus Hiddink's arrival in mid-February sparked a return to form and the starting line-up for the Ivory Coast captain, and he repaid the Dutchman with a number of vital goals.

Controversy though was never far away. Eliminated from the Champions League in injury time of the semi-final against Barcelona, again he did not react well, confronting referee Tom Henning Ovrebo in front of the TV cameras. Another three-match ban followed, reduced on appeal from four.

Still there was one more twist to come, as he powered home a header in the FA Cup Final against Everton, levelling up Louis Saha's opener for his fourth goal in as many Wembley visits. Chelsea lifted the Cup once more.

From the moment his two-goal salvo turned a deficit into victory versus Hull on the opening day of the 2009/10 campaign, the signs were good that the player could pick up where he left off the previous season.

The early season formation adopted by the Dutchman's successor, Carlo Ancelotti, allowed Didier to play close to Anelka and he locked into an incredibly consistent run of scoring. By Christmas he had found the net 18 times in 21 games as he departed for the African Nations.

On his early return to club duty at Hull, he scored his third direct free-kick of the season before he went on the rampage against Arsenal with a brace - making it 12 goals in 12 games against the Gunners.

However as Champions League ambition faded once again, Didier was sent off near the end of defeat by Inter, maintaining what was almost becoming a traditional ban for the start of the next Euro campaign. It was his one red card of the season.

Back in the middle of a three-man attack for the league run-in, Didier netted a vital winner at Old Trafford that put Chelsea on top of the table and with our destiny in our own hands.

An historic 8-0 win against Wigan on the final day and a second-half hat-trick was a great way way to reclaim both the Premier League and the Golden Boot.

His winner in the 2010 FA Cup Final, a direct free-kick against Porstmouth meant the season had a pair of Ivorian bookends - a Didier goal at its start and at its finish.

Voted the club's Player of the Year by the fans, his 37 goals is the second best total in Chelsea history and included strikes at Anfield, the Emirates and Old Trafford.

Following hernia surgery that saw him miss most of pre-season, he began 2010/11 with a hat-trick against West Brom, followed by a hat-trick of assists at Wigan in the first away game. It looked like being another scary season for defences around Europe.
However illness struck in the autumn in the form of malaria. Didier battled on and was captain for a spell with Terry and Lampard both injured, but his power was down and Chelsea's flying start to the campaign gave way to an extended period of well-below-par results with important players missing. Coming on as a sub away to Spurs before Christmas, he scored to salvage a point but frustratingly missed out on a winner when his penalty was saved, a rare spot-kick failure indeed.
A stunning long-range strike away to Bolton in January 2011 was his last for 11 games as Fernando Torres came onto the scene and the right mix up front was sought by Ancelotti.
Didier was on the bench for a Champions League quarter-final second leg at Old Trafford and although he came on at half-time and scored, Chelsea went out. It was a sad way to mark his 300th appearance for the club.
Although 13 goals in all competitions and no medals in 2010/11 suggests an indifferent season by his standards, his combined league total of goals and assists was still the second highest by any top-flight player in that season. His 109 shots were the most attempts on goal.
Physically a match for any defender and able to score any type of goal, his ability to make and take chances as well as take on the opposition backline single-handed has marked Didier down as one of the world's very finest strikers for many seasons.
Pre-Chelsea
Didier was signed in the summer of 2004 from Marseille where he had been named France's Player of the Year. A reported fee of £24 million was paid.

The man who spearheaded Ivory Coast to a first World Cup Finals in 2006 moved from Africa to live in France as a young child and played his early junior football at right-back.

He dabbled with various small clubs and even turned down the chance of a trial at Paris St-Germain, preferring to learn his trade before moving onto the big stage.

He did so at second division Le Mans before shifting up a division to Guingamp, a club he had been prevented from joining some years earlier due to injury.

It was during this spell in Brittany that Didier first came to the attention of Jose Mourinho, then Porto's manager - but after scoring 17 goals in 2002/03 and becoming an international, he had moved out of the Portuguese club's price range.

Marseille swooped and they did not regret their move. In his second season at l'OM, he netted 18 times in 35 league games and six times as the 2004 Uefa Cup Final was reached, including braces against Liverpool and Newcastle.

In addition to his France Footballer of the Year award, Fifa recognised the achievements with a nomination for World Player of the Year. Mourinho made the player a top target in his first summer of transfer activity at Chelsea - and this time the price wasn't a problem.


International career
Didier made his Ivory Coast debut in 2002, and captained his country to their first ever World Cup appearance in 2006, where he scored in a narrow defeat by Argentina which was followed by an equally-close reverse against Holland.

There may have been a few choice words from the 32-year-old when Ivory Coast were drawn in the 'group of death' for the second World Cup running ahead of South Africa 2010.

Chelsea's all-time international goalscorer, having netted 43 times in 69 matches by that stage, suffered a broken arm in a pre-tournament warm-up game which left his participation in 2010's Finals in question leading up to the opening game. He came on as sub although his play looked restricted, but he did find the net during defeat to Brazil next match. Once again Ivory Coast left after three games. Didier was again the captain.

In the Africa Cup of Nations, Ivory Coast have struggled to live up to expectations. In Ghana in 2008 they were expected to challenge but eventually finished fourth, having lost the final on penalties to Egypt in 2006, Drogba missing his. In an incredible shoot-out in the quarter-final against Cameroon that eventually ended 12-11, Didier scored as the first of the original five takers and then later scored the decisive spot kick.

In 2010, they bowed out in extra-time of the quarter-finals as coach Vahid Halilhodzic lost his job, making way for Sven Goran Eriksson to coach the side in South Africa after Guus Hiddink had turned the post down.
Didier's exploits for club and country won his Africa's Player of the Year in 2006 and 2009. For Ivory Coast, he is simply their biggest star.

Competition Apps
(as sub)
Goals Yellow
Cards
Red
Cards
League 5  (3) 1 0 1
 

Career History:
Club Season Comp. Apps
(as sub)
Goals
Chelsea 2010 - 11League 30  (6) 11
  FA Cup 2  (0) 0
  Euro Cups 5  (2) 2
Chelsea 2009 - 10League 31  (1) 29
  FA Cup 4  (0) 3
  League Cup 0  (2) 2
  Euro Cups 5  (0) 3
Chelsea 2008 - 09League 15  (9) 5
  FA Cup 5  (1) 3
  League Cup 2  (0) 1
  Euro Cups 7  (3) 5
Chelsea 2007 - 08League 17  (2) 8
  FA Cup 0  (1) 0
  League Cup 1  (0) 1
  Euro Cups 11  (0) 6
Chelsea 2006 - 07League 32  (4) 20
  FA Cup 6  (0) 3
  League Cup 3  (2) 4
  Euro Cups 12  (0) 6
Chelsea 2005 - 06League 20  (9) 12
  FA Cup 3  (0) 1
  League Cup 0  (1) 0
  Euro Cups 5  (2) 1
Chelsea 2004 - 05League 18  (8) 10
  FA Cup 1  (1) 0
  League Cup 3  (1) 1
  Euro Cups 8  (1) 5
Marseille 2003 - 04League 30  (5) 19
  Euro Cups 14  (2) 11

2. Peter Cech

Name: Petr Cech
Nationality: Czech
Date of Birth: 20/05/1982
Height:6' 5" (196cm)
Weight:14st 6lbs (91.71kg)
Previous  
Clubs:Sparta Prague, Stade Rennais
Position: Goalkeeper

Chelsea CareerPetr Cech arrived in 2004 for £7 million, more than all the past goalkeepers in Chelsea history combined, with the task of challenging established number one Carlo Cudicini.
He immediately caught the eye with his height, incredible reaction speed and confidence in leaving his goal-line and began his Chelsea career as Jose Mourinho's first choice. He had to be good to keep Cudicini out.
A clean-sheet laden first season at Stamford Bridge was statistically the most accomplished by any Chelsea keeper - a run of 1,024 minutes without conceding a goal between December and March set a new English top flight record.
By the end of that season he had his first championship medal plus records for the fewest goals conceded and most clean sheets in an English top-flight season, recognised with the award of the Barclays Golden Gloves for 2004/05.
Though the 2005/06 version of the Chelsea defence was never quite as watertight as the season before, Petr continued to excel and was a major force in capturing a consecutive Premiership title.
Serious injury in October 2006 cast big doubts over the future of his career, but Petr overcame a fractured skull that had required immediate surgery, 30 stitches and much rest to return just three months later.
Within weeks he had recorded a seven-game run for club and country without conceding a goal, all while sporting the skull protection that has become a trade mark, and he ended the season with both domestic cups.
Injuries took their toll again during 2007/08, and change of management brought a change of goalkeeping coach - Christophe Lollichon, his coach at former club Rennes, joined the Blues - as Silvino Louro left with Mourinho.
Despite calf, hip and facial afflictions, 6ft 4in Petr was there as we reached the Champions League Final in Moscow, making a string of vital saves before we were eventually beaten on penalties by Manchester United - his save from Cristiano Ronaldo in the shootout proving academic.
After a typically consistent opening to the 2008/09 campaign, Petr's form, and those in front of him, took a dip around Christmas and new manager Luiz Felipe Scolari experimented with a set-piece zonal marking system which contributed to points being lost against Fulham and Manchester United, while we were nearly embarrassed in the FA Cup by Southend and then Ipswich.
Scolari's exit brought about an improvement in form under Guus Hiddink, the highlight of Petr's season coming in the Camp Nou as Barcelona were kept at bay, important saves made against Samuel Eto'o and Alex Hleb.
For the first season in three there were no major injury problems, with 35 Premier League appearances and an ever-present record in the Champions League.
In 2009/10 Petr further enhanced his own reputation with a solid season and a major contribution towards a first Premier League and FA Cup Double.
Individual errors were reduced, though a couple of mishaps occurred at Stoke and Aston Villa, but Petr bounced back to concede just two more in the next eight games as we entered the Christmas period on top of the league, and while a calf injury at the San Siro prevented him from participating in our Champions League second-leg defeat against Inter, causing him to miss five games, he returned for the run-in and had a big say in the direction the silverware went, earning the Premier League's Golden Glove on the final day of the season with his 17th clean sheet from 34 games.
Petr kept perhaps his best for last. In the FA Cup Final he first pulled off an amazing instinctive save to prevent Frederic Piquionne from opening the scoring, and then kept out Kevin-Prince Boateng's spot-kick with his feet, moments before Didier Drogba went up the other end and scored a superb free-kick.
Cech's next campaign began with a calf strain in pre-season, but he returned in time for the first league game and he would be an ever-present, surpassing the 300-appearance mark. He has since become Chelsea's highest appearing foreign player, going past Gianfranco Zola's 312. At the end of the season he was voted Chelsea's Player of the Year for the first time.
A knee injury hampered the early stages of 2011/12 causing him to miss two games, but he was soon back between the sticks, though facing criticism with goals flying past him. He was beaten five times by Arsenal in late October, the first time we had conceded as many since 2002, but if anyone has the strength of character to deal with such issues it is Cech, and he kept a clean sheet at Blackburn on Bonfire Night despite sustaining a broken nose in the early stages of the game, after a collision with his own defender Ashley Cole.
Pre-ChelseaA precocious talent, Petr built his reputation at Sparta Prague where at the age of 19 he broke the national record for the longest spell without conceding a goal.
Equally hard to beat in the Champions League, over 1,000 minutes in all competitions passed without a goal.
That earned a move to Rennes in France where midway through his second season he agreed to join Chelsea for the next campaign on a five-year contract.
International CareerAt Under 21 international level Petr was a major factor in the crowning of the Czech Republic as 2002 European Champions while at senior level, Euro 2004 brought five clean sheets, a semi-final and a place in Uefa's all-star squad of the tournament.
His reputation on the international stage continued to grow and he represented his country at both the World Cup in 2006, Czech Republic's first since splitting with Slovakia in 1993, and Euro 2008, where it was his unfortunate late error in the group stages that saw his country eliminated.
He bounced back to be named Czech Footballer of the Year for the fifth time in 2010 and although they failed to qualify for South Africa 2010, Petr continues as team captain.
>> Click here to visit Petr Cech's official website


Competition Apps
(as sub)
Goals Yellow
Cards
Red
Cards
League 10  (0) 0 0 0
League Cup 1  (1) 0 0 0
Euro Cups 4  (0) 0 0 0
 

Career History:
Club Season Comp. Apps
(as sub)
Goals
Chelsea 2010 - 11League 38  (0) 0
  FA Cup 3  (0) 0
  Euro Cups 9  (0) 0
Chelsea 2009 - 10League 34  (0) 0
  FA Cup 2  (0) 0
  Euro Cups 6  (0) 0
Chelsea 2008 - 09League 35  (0) 0
  FA Cup 6  (0) 0
  League Cup 1  (0) 0
  Euro Cups 12  (0) 0
Chelsea 2007 - 08League 26  (0) 0
  FA Cup 1  (0) 0
  League Cup 3  (0) 0
  Euro Cups 9  (0) 0
Chelsea 2006 - 07League 20  (0) 0
  FA Cup 6  (0) 0
  League Cup 2  (0) 0
  Euro Cups 8  (0) 0
Chelsea 2005 - 06League 34  (0) 0
  Euro Cups 7  (0) 0
Chelsea 2004 - 05League 35  (0) 0
  League Cup 2  (0) 0
  Euro Cups 11  (0) 0
Stade Rennais 2003 - 04League 33  (0) 0
Stade Rennais 2002 - 03League 36  (0) 0
Sparta Prague 2001 - 02Euro Cups 12  (0) 0
 
3.Club Chealsea

CLUB INFORMATION

Nickname
The Blues

Formed
1905

Stadium Capacity
41,837

Pitch
103 x 67 metres



CLUB PERSONNEL

Chelsea FC plc is the company which owns Chelsea Football Club. The ultimate parent company of Chelsea FC plc is Fordstam Limited and the ultimate controlling party of Fordstam Limited is Roman Abramovich.


CHELSEA FC plc BOARD :
Chairman: Bruce Buck.
Directors:  Eugene Tenenbaum, Ron Gourlay (chief executive).


CHELSEA FC plc BOARD BIOGRAPHIES:
Bruce Buck, Chairman:
Born in New York, he has been a Chelsea supporter since coming to London in 1983 and has been a season ticket holder since 1991. He is a shareholder in Chelsea Limited, the ultimate owner of the club, and the company used by Roman Abramovich for the takeover in 2003 and is managing partner in Europe for the US law firm Skadden Arps Slate Meagher & Flom.

Ron Gourlay, Chief Executive:
Previously chief operating officer, he had been with Chelsea for five years in a variety of director-level roles before becoming chief executive in November 2009. He has more than 25 years experience in football having previously undertaken senior roles at Manchester United and Umbro.
Eugene Tenenbaum, Director:
Born in the Ukraine but moved to Canada at an early age, Eugene is one of Roman Abramovich's closest associates and was formerly head of corporate finance at Sibneft, the oil company sold by Mr Abramovich in 2006. He is currently the managing director of MHC-Services Ltd. He holds a bachelors degree in commerce and finance and a degree in economics from University of Toronto and is a Canadian chartered accountant.


The day-to-day running of Chelsea is undertaken by the football club's Executive Board headed by chief executive Ron Gourlay:

EXECUTIVE BOARD BIOGRAPHIES:(in alphabetical order)
Chris Alexander, Finance and Operations Director:
Trained as a chartered accountant with Price Waterhouse and has 20 years financial experience in different industries. Prior to joining Chelsea in March 2003 he worked in France as the FD of a construction related business where he completed an MBA at one of Europe's leading business schools.

David Barnard, Director / Club Secretary:
Joined Chelsea in July 2002. Has overall responsibility for the day-to-day administration of the Football Department. Has just completed 30 seasons in football. Previous clubs are Fulham, Colchester and Wimbledon. Also a member of the Football Club board which oversees football policy for the club.

Company Secretary, Alan Shaw:
Joined Chelsea in 1993. Has a wide range of business knowledge, having run legal, construction, HR, customer services and planning teams through a variety of projects in differing organisations from retail to engineering , merchant banking and professional football. Interests include tennis, horse racing and cinema.


FOOTBALL CLUB BOARD:

Bruce Buck, Eugene Tenenbaum, Ron Gourlay, David Barnard, Mike Forde.





ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
Training Ground
The training ground is at Cobham in Surrey but sessions are not open to the general public. Special open days are organised at Stamford Bridge when fans can see the team train.

Creche
Chelsea operates a creche during the match on home weekend matchdays and caters for children from one to five-years-old. The service is free but donations for equipment are appreciated. Bookings are taken on 08719 841955.

Chelsea Matchday Programme
If you wish to advertise in the Matchday Programme call Profile Sports Media on 020 7332 2000.
Matchday Child Mascot PolicyChildren between the age of 6 and 12 years old act as mascots for the Chelsea team before each home and away game.
A waiting list operates for children to become mascots. New names are added in the order in which applications are received. There is currently a wait of approximately three to four seasons between joining the list and being a mascot.
The length of the waiting list should be considered when making an application. For instance, a 10-year-old would not currently be added as the child will not reach the top of the list before reaching the age limit.
When confirmation is sent that a child has been added to the waiting list, it is stated that the club cannot guarantee the top of it will be reached before the age limit.
There are two Chelsea mascots at our home league fixtures and one at away league fixtures. Mascots are present for cup games as and when permitted by the competition's sponsor.
Anyone wishing to add a child to the list should send the child's name, address and date of birth to:
Kim Mall
Chelsea Football Club
Stamford Bridge
Fulham Road
London
SW6 1HS
Hooligan Hotline
Chelsea Football Club works in partnership with the London Borough of Hammersmith & Fulham and the Metropolitan Police Service in our endeavours to create a safe enviroment for supporters and the local community.

If you have any information concerning football hooliganism, please forward your concerns to the National Hooligan Hotline on 0800 515495. This is a confidential line which will not appear on your phone bill.

Should you have any information concerning ANY crime, this may be confidentially reported to Crimestoppers on 0800 555 111.

If you wish to receive information about a career within the Metropolitan Police Service as a Police Officer; member of the Civil Support Staff or voluntary service within the Special Constabulary then further information may be found on the Metropolitian Police website (www.met.police.uk) and the Crimestoppers website (www.crimestoppers-uk.org).


Chelsea Customer Charter

If you would like a copy of the charter you can download it by clicking here or write to Customer Charter, Call Centre, Chelsea Football Club, Stamford Bridge, London, SW6 1HS.


Ground Regulations

Chelsea Football Club's ground regulations apply to anyone entering the stadium. A copy can be requested from the club.


Fighting RacismChelsea Football Club practices a zero tolerance policy towards racism at Stamford Bridge and takes a leading role in all the major anti-racist campaigns such as Kick Racism Out of Football, Show Racism the Red Card and all Uefa backed Europe-wide campaigns.

Payments to Agents - 2009/10Total Amount paid to Agents in the period 1 October 2009 to 30 September 2010: £9,293,751.48
Explanatory Note:The amount shown is the aggregate of all payments made to agents during the reporting period for agency activity, including payments made by the club on behalf of players.


CLUB INFORMATION

Nickname
The Blues

Formed
1905

Stadium Capacity
41,837

Pitch
103 x 67 metres



CLUB PERSONNEL

Chelsea FC plc is the company which owns Chelsea Football Club. The ultimate parent company of Chelsea FC plc is Fordstam Limited and the ultimate controlling party of Fordstam Limited is Roman Abramovich.


CHELSEA FC plc BOARD :
Chairman: Bruce Buck.
Directors:  Eugene Tenenbaum, Ron Gourlay (chief executive).


CHELSEA FC plc BOARD BIOGRAPHIES:
Bruce Buck, Chairman:
Born in New York, he has been a Chelsea supporter since coming to London in 1983 and has been a season ticket holder since 1991. He is a shareholder in Chelsea Limited, the ultimate owner of the club, and the company used by Roman Abramovich for the takeover in 2003 and is managing partner in Europe for the US law firm Skadden Arps Slate Meagher & Flom.

Ron Gourlay, Chief Executive:
Previously chief operating officer, he had been with Chelsea for five years in a variety of director-level roles before becoming chief executive in November 2009. He has more than 25 years experience in football having previously undertaken senior roles at Manchester United and Umbro.
Eugene Tenenbaum, Director:
Born in the Ukraine but moved to Canada at an early age, Eugene is one of Roman Abramovich's closest associates and was formerly head of corporate finance at Sibneft, the oil company sold by Mr Abramovich in 2006. He is currently the managing director of MHC-Services Ltd. He holds a bachelors degree in commerce and finance and a degree in economics from University of Toronto and is a Canadian chartered accountant.


The day-to-day running of Chelsea is undertaken by the football club's Executive Board headed by chief executive Ron Gourlay:

EXECUTIVE BOARD BIOGRAPHIES:(in alphabetical order)
Chris Alexander, Finance and Operations Director:
Trained as a chartered accountant with Price Waterhouse and has 20 years financial experience in different industries. Prior to joining Chelsea in March 2003 he worked in France as the FD of a construction related business where he completed an MBA at one of Europe's leading business schools.

David Barnard, Director / Club Secretary:
Joined Chelsea in July 2002. Has overall responsibility for the day-to-day administration of the Football Department. Has just completed 30 seasons in football. Previous clubs are Fulham, Colchester and Wimbledon. Also a member of the Football Club board which oversees football policy for the club.

Company Secretary, Alan Shaw:
Joined Chelsea in 1993. Has a wide range of business knowledge, having run legal, construction, HR, customer services and planning teams through a variety of projects in differing organisations from retail to engineering , merchant banking and professional football. Interests include tennis, horse racing and cinema.


FOOTBALL CLUB BOARD:

Bruce Buck, Eugene Tenenbaum, Ron Gourlay, David Barnard, Mike Forde.





ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
Training Ground
The training ground is at Cobham in Surrey but sessions are not open to the general public. Special open days are organised at Stamford Bridge when fans can see the team train.

Creche
Chelsea operates a creche during the match on home weekend matchdays and caters for children from one to five-years-old. The service is free but donations for equipment are appreciated. Bookings are taken on 08719 841955.

Chelsea Matchday Programme
If you wish to advertise in the Matchday Programme call Profile Sports Media on 020 7332 2000.
Matchday Child Mascot PolicyChildren between the age of 6 and 12 years old act as mascots for the Chelsea team before each home and away game.
A waiting list operates for children to become mascots. New names are added in the order in which applications are received. There is currently a wait of approximately three to four seasons between joining the list and being a mascot.
The length of the waiting list should be considered when making an application. For instance, a 10-year-old would not currently be added as the child will not reach the top of the list before reaching the age limit.
When confirmation is sent that a child has been added to the waiting list, it is stated that the club cannot guarantee the top of it will be reached before the age limit.
There are two Chelsea mascots at our home league fixtures and one at away league fixtures. Mascots are present for cup games as and when permitted by the competition's sponsor.
Anyone wishing to add a child to the list should send the child's name, address and date of birth to:
Kim Mall
Chelsea Football Club
Stamford Bridge
Fulham Road
London
SW6 1HS
Hooligan Hotline
Chelsea Football Club works in partnership with the London Borough of Hammersmith & Fulham and the Metropolitan Police Service in our endeavours to create a safe enviroment for supporters and the local community.

If you have any information concerning football hooliganism, please forward your concerns to the National Hooligan Hotline on 0800 515495. This is a confidential line which will not appear on your phone bill.

Should you have any information concerning ANY crime, this may be confidentially reported to Crimestoppers on 0800 555 111.

If you wish to receive information about a career within the Metropolitan Police Service as a Police Officer; member of the Civil Support Staff or voluntary service within the Special Constabulary then further information may be found on the Metropolitian Police website (www.met.police.uk) and the Crimestoppers website (www.crimestoppers-uk.org).


Chelsea Customer Charter

If you would like a copy of the charter you can download it by clicking here or write to Customer Charter, Call Centre, Chelsea Football Club, Stamford Bridge, London, SW6 1HS.


Ground Regulations

Chelsea Football Club's ground regulations apply to anyone entering the stadium. A copy can be requested from the club.


Fighting RacismChelsea Football Club practices a zero tolerance policy towards racism at Stamford Bridge and takes a leading role in all the major anti-racist campaigns such as Kick Racism Out of Football, Show Racism the Red Card and all Uefa backed Europe-wide campaigns.

Payments to Agents - 2009/10Total Amount paid to Agents in the period 1 October 2009 to 30 September 2010: £9,293,751.48
Explanatory Note:The amount shown is the aggregate of all payments made to agents during the reporting period for agency activity, including payments made by the club on behalf of players.


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Kumpulan soal b.inggris dan link nya



Kumpulan soal B. Inggris disini


Buku B. Inggris (format PDF) disini

 Link nya : http://www.invir.com jika mau melihat tinggal klik aja

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Kumpulan soal b.inggris



COntoh Soal Bahasa Inggris Kelas VIII
A. Choose the correct answer by crossing a , b , c or d !

1. The three ….. are very clever.
a. a students b. a student c. student d. students

2. Thera are many ….. in the class.
a. student b. a student c. students d. some students

3. Deyana ….. a short hair.
a. does b. have c. has d. do

4. It has ….. a song.
a. large b. fat c. thick d. beautiful

5. Its ….. teeth makes his smile nice.
a. many b. fat c. white d. little

6. I ….. a nice cat.
a. has b. am c. do d. have

7. Its ….. have are red.
a. the wings b. wing c. wings d. a wing

8. There ….. many flower plants in my garden.
a. was b. am c. is d. are

9. Robin ….. my bird.
a. were b. am c. is d. are

10. Its ….. is very soft.
a. little b. fast c. white d. white feather

Text for number 11 until 15.
Mr.Johan is a soldier.He is very tall.He is not fat.His wife is a teacher.She
is thin and not tall.Her hair is black and wavy.She wears glasses.Mr.Johan has
two children.The are Elly and Ridwan.Elly is thin like her mother , but her hair is
not wavy.It is straight like her fathers.Ridwan , Elly brother is very tall.He is
fat .His skin is black like his father.Mr.Johan , his wife and his children like
sports.They usually do sports in Sunday morning.

11. According to the text , we know that Mr.Johan ‘s hair is …..
a. wavy b. straight c. black and wavy d. curly

12. They usually …..
They word they here refers to …..
a. Elly and Ridwan c. Mr.Johan and his children b. Mr and Mrs. Johan d. Mr.Johan , his wife and his children

13. How many people are there in the text ? There are ….. people in the text.
a. one b. two c. three d. four

14. What is Ridwan like ?
a. he is smaal b. he is fat c. he is short d. he is thin

15. What is Mr.Johan like ?
a. She is slim and talla c. She is thin and not tall b. She is thin and has a straight hair d. She is talk and thin

Text for number 16 until 20
Last month we had a long holiday.My family went to Mount Bromo.It’s so beautiful.We
really had an unforgettable experience.We went there by car.We reached Cemoro Lawang in
the evening.Then , we took a rest in an inn.We decided to see the sunrise in the next
morning.Seeing the sunrise from the peale of a mountain is annusual event.It was more
wonderful.

16. When did the writer have a long holiday ? They have a long holiday …..
a. last year b. last holiday c. last week d. last month

17. Where did they do ? They went to …..
a. mount Bromo b. mount Tidar c. mount Tangkuban Perahu d. mount Rinjani

18. How did they go there ? They went there by …..
a. motorcycle b. plane c. car d. train

19.When did they see the sunrise ? They saw the sunrise …..
a. in the next week b. in the next month c. in the next day d. in the next morning

20. We really had and unforgrttable experienc e .
The bold italicized word mean …..
a. pengalaman indah c. pengalaman tak terlupakan
b. pengalaman pertama d. pengalaman tak terjadi

Text for number 21 until 25
On Saturday night , my friends and I camped on a hill nearby .We chose a
feat land to set up a tent.It was on the bank of a lake.We found that the lake
was not so deep , but the water was clear and fresh.We saw many fish in it , so
we fished there .After setting up the tent , we look our picnic jar and had a
meal together.We rolled out a mat to sit on the ground.It was nice having meals
in the open air.

21. When did the story happen ? The story happened …..
a. last holiday b. last week c. on Saturday night d. on Sunday

22. What did the writer do ? They …..
a. found b. chased c. rolled d. camped

23. How was the lake ?
a. It was so narrow b. it was not so narrow c. It was so deep d. It was not so deep

24. What did they see in the lake ? They saw …..
a. shell b. sea weed c. fish d. shrimp

25. Was it nice having meals in the open air ?
a. yes , it is b. no , it isn’t c. yes , it was d. no , it wasn’t

26. Sari : Santi, I want to introduce Tommy to you.
Tom, this is Santi.
Tommy : How do you do?
Santi : ….
a. Fine c. I’m fine, thank you b. How do you do? d. How are you?

27. Diana : I’m Dianasari.
Vera : …. I’m Vera.
a. How do you do? c. How are you? b. Good morning d. What’s your name?

28. Billy : Hello Will.
Willy : Hi Bill ….
Billy : Fine, thanks. And you?
Willy : Very well, thanks.
a. How do you do? c. How are you?
b. Nice to meet you d. How is the weather?

Read the text carefully.
I have an older brother. His name is Virdion. He is an undergraduate student in UGM majoring
Pharmacy.
Every Sunday, he usually goes to the sport center, sometimes by himself or with some of his friends.
Once a while, he will ask me to join him to have some work out. He is very energetic brother.

29. The text above, tell us about ….
a. My brother who is very energetic c. The writer’s older brother
b. An energetic person                    d. An undergraduate student in UGM

30. Who is Virdion?
a. My brother who is very energetic c. The writer’s older brother
b. An energetic person d. An undergraduate student in UGM

31. Where does Virdion usually go on Sunday?
a. The sport center c. With some of his friends
b. UGM d. The Pharmacy d. with all people

Read the dialogue below carefully.
Shop keeper : ….(32)
Neo : Thank you. I need …(33) paper.
Shop keeper : Here you’re.
….(34)
Neo : Do you have some Hi Tech pens?
Shop keeper : We do have Sir.
….(35)
Neo : I need 3 of them.
….(36)
Shop keeper : The total cost is Rp 32.500,- Sir.
Neo : ….(37)
Shop keeper : Thank you Sir.

32. a. Good Morning Sir c. What can I do?
b. Welcome Sir d. Welcome, what can I do for you?

33. a. a bottle c. a sack of
b. a kilo of d. a piece of

34. a. Do you want to know the cost Sir? c. What else can I do for you Sir?
b. Thank you Sir d. Do need some more Sir?

35. a. How many do you need? c. How much do you need?
b. Which one do you need? d. You need 3 of them?

36. a. Thank you c. That’s enough
b. So, how much is the total cost? d. So, how many is the total cost?

37. a. Thank you c. You’re welcome
b. Here you are d. Good bye

38. They will … to my house at 8 pm.
a. Came b. Come c. Coming d. Comes

Read the dialogue below carefully.
Devi: ….(39) Can you help me?
Widya : ….(40)
Devi : I am looking for a jacket.
Widya : ….(41)
Devi : Yes, thank you very much.

39. a. Pardon c. Sure
b. Forgive me d. Excuse me

40. a. Perfectly c. Urgently
b. Certainly d. Possibly

41. a. Like what? c. What do you need?
b. Like this one? d. Which one do you need?

42. I am … my homework now.
a. Do b. Done c. Did d. Doing
. My brother and I … to school together every morning.

43.a. Go b. Gone c. Goes d. Going

44. They … it very well.
a. Have done b. Has done c. Have do d. Has does

45. She has been … like this since yesterday.
a. Act b. Acting c. Acts d. Action


Mount Tangkuban Perahu is one of tourism object in West Java. It situated at Lembang. It is at northern part of Bandung. A lot of people from various part of world come to see it, because it has a history, it is a Sangkuriang legend.
          To arrive at mount Tangkuban Perahu, we have to drive up along the road of hilly area, we can see a wide tea plantation. At the top, we can see beautiful scenery, and we can see the hills with its green slopes. It has three craters which continuously produced smoke.
          There are bungalows, and tourism object can be found easily there. Such as Ciater hot water and Maribaya water fall.

























































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All about Islam



Islam (Arab: al-islām, الإسلام Tentang suara ini dengarkan : "berserah diri kepada Tuhan") adalah agama yang mengimani satu Tuhan, yaitu Allah. Dengan lebih dari satu seperempat miliar orang pengikut di seluruh dunia,[1][2] menjadikan Islam sebagai agama terbesar kedua di dunia setelah agama Kristen.[3] Islam memiliki arti "penyerahan", atau penyerahan diri sepenuhnya kepada Tuhan (Arab: الله, Allāh).[4] Pengikut ajaran Islam dikenal dengan sebutan Muslim yang berarti "seorang yang tunduk kepada Tuhan"[5][6], atau lebih lengkapnya adalah Muslimin bagi laki-laki dan Muslimat bagi perempuan. Islam mengajarkan bahwa Allah menurunkan firman-Nya kepada manusia melalui para nabi dan rasul utusan-Nya, dan meyakini dengan sungguh-sungguh bahwa Muhammad adalah nabi dan rasul terakhir yang diutus ke dunia oleh Allah.

Daftar isi

 [sembunyikan

Aspek kebahasaan

Kata Islam merupakan penyataan kata nama yang berasal dari akar triliteral s-l-m, dan didapat dari tatabahasa bahasa Arab Aslama, yaitu bermaksud "untuk menerima, menyerah atau tunduk." Dengan demikian, Islam berarti penerimaan dari dan penundukan kepada Tuhan, dan penganutnya harus menunjukkan ini dengan menyembah-Nya, menuruti perintah-Nya, dan menghindari politheisme. Perkataan ini memberikan beberapa maksud dari al-Qur’an. Dalam beberapa ayat, kualitas Islam sebagai kepercayaan ditegaskan: "Barangsiapa yang Allah menghendaki akan memberikan kepadanya petunjuk, niscaya Dia melapangkan dadanya untuk (memeluk agama) Islam..."[7] Ayat lain menghubungkan Islām dan dīn (lazimnya diterjemahkan sebagai "agama"): "...Pada hari ini telah Ku-sempurnakan untukmu agamamu, dan telah Ku-cukupkan kepadamu nikmat-Ku, dan telah Ku-ridhai Islam itu jadi agama bagimu."[8] Namun masih ada yang lain yang menggambarkan Islam itu sebagai perbuatan kembali kepada Tuhan-lebih dari hanya penyataan pengesahan keimanan.[9]
Secara etimologis kata Islam diturunkan dari akar kata yang sama dengan kata salām yang berarti “damai”. Kata 'Muslim' (sebutan bagi pemeluk agama Islam) juga berhubungan dengan kata Islām, kata tersebut berarti “orang yang berserah diri kepada Allah" dalam bahasa Indonesia.

Kepercayaan

Kepercayaan dasar Islam dapat ditemukan pada dua kalimah shahādatāin ("dua kalimat persaksian"), yaitu "asyhadu an-laa ilaaha illallaah, wa asyhadu anna muhammadan rasuulullaah" - yang berarti "Saya bersaksi bahwa tiada Tuhan selain Allah, dan saya bersaksi bahwa Muhammad saw adalah utusan Allah". Adapun bila seseorang meyakini dan kemudian mengucapkan dua kalimat persaksian ini, berarti ia sudah dapat dianggap sebagai seorang Muslim atau mualaf (orang yang baru masuk Islam dari kepercayaan lamanya).
Kaum Muslim percaya bahwa Allah mewahyukan al-Qur'an kepada Muhammad sebagai Khataman Nabiyyin (Penutup Para Nabi) dan menganggap bahwa al-Qur'an dan Sunnah (setiap perkataan dan perbuatan Muhammad) sebagai sumber fundamental Islam.[10] Mereka tidak menganggap Muhammad sebagai pengasas agama baru, melainkan sebagai pembaharu dari keimanan monoteistik dari Ibrahim, Musa, Isa, dan nabi lainnya (untuk lebih lanjutnya, silakan baca artikel mengenai Para nabi dan rasul dalam Islam). Tradisi Islam menegaskan bahwa agama Yahudi dan Kristen telah membelokkan wahyu yang Tuhan berikan kepada nabi-nabi ini dengan mengubah teks atau memperkenalkan intepretasi palsu, ataupun kedua-duanya.[11]
Umat Islam juga meyakini al-Qur'an sebagai kitab suci dan pedoman hidup mereka yang disampaikan oleh Allah kepada Muhammad. melalui perantara Malaikat Jibril yang sempurna dan tidak ada keraguan di dalamnya (Al-Baqarah [2]:2). Allah juga telah berjanji akan menjaga keotentikan al-Qur'an hingga akhir zaman dalam suatu ayat.
Adapun sebagaimana dinyatakan dalam al-Qur'an, umat Islam juga diwajibkan untuk mengimani kitab suci dan firman-Nya yang diturunkan sebelum al-Qur'an (Zabur, Taurat, Injil dan suhuf para nabi-nabi yang lain) melalui nabi dan rasul terdahulu adalah benar adanya.[12] Umat Islam juga percaya bahwa selain al-Qur'an, seluruh firman Allah terdahulu telah mengalami perubahan oleh manusia. Mengacu pada kalimat di atas, maka umat Islam meyakini bahwa al-Qur'an adalah satu-satunya kitab Allah yang benar-benar asli dan sebagai penyempurna kitab-kitab sebelumnya.
Umat Islam juga meyakini bahwa agama yang dianut oleh seluruh nabi dan rasul utusan Allah sejak masa Adam adalah agama tauhid, dengan demikian tentu saja Ibrahim juga menganut ketauhidan secara hanif (murni imannya) maka menjadikannya seorang muslim.[13][14] Pandangan ini meletakkan Islam bersama agama Yahudi dan Kristen dalam rumpun agama yang mempercayai Nabi Ibrahim as. Di dalam al-Qur'an, penganut Yahudi dan Kristen sering disebut sebagai Ahli Kitab atau Ahlul Kitab.
Hampir semua Muslim tergolong dalam salah satu dari dua mazhab terbesar, Sunni (85%) dan Syiah (15%). Perpecahan terjadi setelah abad ke-7 yang mengikut pada ketidaksetujuan atas kepemimpinan politik dan keagamaan dari komunitas Islam ketika itu. Islam adalah agama pradominan sepanjang Timur Tengah, juga di sebagian besar Afrika dan Asia. Komunitas besar juga ditemui di Cina, Semenanjung Balkan di Eropa Timur dan Rusia. Terdapat juga sebagian besar komunitas imigran Muslim di bagian lain dunia, seperti Eropa Barat. Sekitar 20% Muslim tinggal di negara-negara Arab,[15] 30% di subbenua India dan 15.6% di Indonesia, negara Muslim terbesar berdasar populasi.[16]

Lima Rukun Islam

Islam memberikan banyak amalan keagamaan. Para penganut umumnya digalakkan untuk memegang Lima Rukun Islam, yaitu lima pilar yang menyatukan Muslim sebagai sebuah komunitas.[17] Tambahan dari Lima Rukun, hukum Islam (syariah) telah membangun tradisi perintah yang telah menyentuh pada hampir semua aspek kehidupan dan kemasyarakatan. Tradisi ini meliputi segalanya dari hal praktikal seperti kehalalan, perbankan, jihad dan zakat.[18]
Isi dari kelima Rukun Islam itu adalah:
  1. Mengucap dua kalimah syahadat dan meyakini bahwa tidak ada yang berhak ditaati dan disembah dengan benar kecuali Allah saja dan meyakini bahwa Muhammad adalah hamba dan rasul Allah.
  2. Mendirikan salat wajib lima kali sehari.
  3. Berpuasa pada bulan Ramadan.
  4. Membayar zakat.
  5. Menunaikan ibadah haji bagi mereka yang mampu.

Enam Rukun Iman

Muslim juga mempercayai Rukun Iman yang terdiri atas 6 perkara yaitu:
  1. Iman kepada Allah
  2. Iman kepada malaikat Allah
  3. Iman kepada Kitab Allāh (Al-Qur'an, Injil, Taurat, Zabur dan suhuf)
  4. Iman kepada nabi dan rasul Allah
  5. Iman kepada hari kiamat
  6. Iman kepada qada dan qadar

Ajaran Islam

Hampir semua Muslim tergolong dalam salah satu dari dua mazhab terbesar, Sunni (85%) dan Syiah (15%). Perpecahan terjadi setelah abad ke-7 yang mengikut pada ketidaksetujuan atas kepemimpinan politik dan keagamaan dari komunitas Islam ketika itu. Islam adalah agama pradominan sepanjang Timur Tengah, juga di sebahagian besar Afrika dan Asia. Komunitas besar juga ditemui di Cina, Semenanjung Balkan di Eropa Timur dan Rusia. Terdapat juga sebagian besar komunitas imigran Muslim di bagian lain dunia, seperti Eropa Barat. Sekitar 20% Muslim tinggal di negara-negara Arab,[19] 30% di subbenua India dan 15.6% di Indonesia, adalah negara Muslim terbesar berdasarkan populasinya.[20]
Negara dengan mayoritas pemeluk Islam Sunni adalah Indonesia, Arab Saudi, dan Pakistan sedangkan negara dengan mayoritas Islam Syi'ah adalah Iran dan Irak. Doktrin antara Sunni dan Syi'ah berbeda pada masalah imamah (kepemimpinan) dan peletakan Ahlul Bait (keluarga keturunan Muhammad). Namun secara umum, baik Sunni maupun Syi'ah percaya pada rukun Islam dan rukun iman walaupun dengan terminologi yang berbeda.

\Allah

Konsep Islam teologikal fundamental ialah tauhid-kepercayaan bahwa hanya ada satu Tuhan. Istilah Arab untuk Tuhan ialah Allāh; kebanyakan ilmuwan[rujukan?] percaya kata Allah didapat dari penyingkatan dari kata al- (si) dan ʾilāh ' (dewa, bentuk maskulin), bermaksud "Tuhan" (al-ilāh '), tetapi yang lain menjejakkan asal usulnya dari Arami Alāhā.[21] Kata Allah juga adalah kata yang digunakan oleh orang Kristen (Nasrani) dan Yahudi Arab sebagai terjemahan dari ho theos dari Perjanjian Baru dan Septuaginta. Yang pertama dari Lima Rukun Islam, tauhid dituangkan dalam syahadat (pengakuan), yaitu bersaksi:
لا إله إلا الله محمد رسول الله
Tiada Tuhan selain Allah dan Muhammad adalah utusan Allah
Konsep tauhid ini dituangkan dengan jelas dan sederhana pada Surah Al-Ikhlas yang terjemahannya adalah:
  1. Katakanlah: "Dia-lah Allah (Tuhan), Yang Maha Esa,
  2. Allah adalah Tuhan yang bergantung kepada-Nya segala sesuatu,
  3. Dia tiada beranak dan tiada pula diperanakkan,
  4. dan tidak ada seorangpun yang setara dengan Dia."
Nama "Allah" tidak memiliki bentuk jamak dan tidak diasosiasikan dengan jenis kelamin tertentu. Dalam Islam sebagaimana disampaikan dalam al-Qur'an dikatakan:
"(Dia) Pencipta langit dan bumi. Dia menjadikan bagi kamu dari jenis kamu sendiri pasangan-pasangan dan dari jenis binatang ternak pasangan- pasangan (pula), dijadikan-Nya kamu berkembang biak dengan jalan itu. Tidak ada sesuatupun yang serupa dengan Dia, dan Dia-lah yang Maha Mendengar dan Melihat". (Asy-Syu'ara' [42]:11)
Allah adalah Nama Tuhan (ilah) dan satu-satunya Tuhan sebagaimana perkenalan-Nya kepada manusia melalui al-Quran :
"Sesungguhnya Aku ini adalah Allah, tidak ada Tuhan (yang hak) selain Aku, maka sembahlah Aku dan dirikanlah salat untuk mengingat Aku". (Ta Ha [20]:14)
Pemakaian kata Allah secara linguistik mengindikasikan kesatuan. Umat Islam percaya bahwa Tuhan yang mereka sembah adalah sama dengan Tuhan umat Yahudi dan Nasrani, dalam hal ini adalah Tuhan Ibrahim. Namun, Islam menolak ajaran Kristen menyangkut paham Trinitas dimana hal ini dianggap Politeisme.
Mengutip al-Qur'an, An-Nisa' [4]:71:
"Wahai Ahli Kitab, janganlah kamu melampaui batas dalam agama dan janganlah kamu mengatakan terhadap Allah kecuali yang benar. Sesungguhnya al-Masih, Isa putra Maryam itu adalah utusan Allah dan (yang diciptakan dengan kalimat-Nya) yang disampaikannya kepada Maryam dan (dengan tiupan ) roh dari-Nya. Maka berimanlah kamu kepada Allah dan rasul-rasul-Nya. Dan janganlah kamu mengatakan :"Tuhan itu tiga", berhentilah dari ucapan itu. Itu lebih baik bagi kamu. Sesungguhnya Allah Tuhan yang Maha Esa. Maha suci Allah dari mempunyai anak, segala yang di langit dan di bumi adalah kepunyaan-Nya. Cukuplah Allah sebagai Pemelihara".
Dalam Islam, visualisasi atau penggambaran Tuhan tidak dapat dibenarkan, hal ini dilarang karena dapat berujung pada pemberhalaan dan justru penghinaan, karena Tuhan tidak serupa dengan apapun (Asy-Syu'ara' [42]:11). Sebagai gantinya, Islam menggambarkan Tuhan dalam 99 nama/gelar/julukan Tuhan (asma'ul husna) yang menggambarkan sifat ketuhanan-Nya sebagaimana terdapat pada al-Qur'an.

Al-Qur'an


Al-Fatihah merupakan surah pertama dalam Al-Qur'an
Al-Qur'an adalah kitab suci ummat Islam yang diwahyukan Allah kepada Muhammad melalui perantaraan Malaikat Jibril. Secara harfiah Qur'an berarti bacaan. Namun walau terdengar merujuk ke sebuah buku/kitab, ummat Islam merujuk Al-Qur'an sendiri lebih pada kata-kata atau kalimat di dalamnya, bukan pada bentuk fisiknya sebagai hasil cetakan.
Umat Islam percaya bahwa Al-Qur'an disampaikan kepada Muhammad melalui malaikat Jibril. Penurunannya sendiri terjadi secara bertahap antara tahun 610 hingga hingga wafatnya beliau 632 M. Walau Al-Qur'an lebih banyak ditransfer melalui hafalan, namun sebagai tambahan banyak pengikut Islam pada masa itu yang menuliskannya pada tulang, batu-batu dan dedaunan.
Umat Islam percaya bahwa Al-Qur'an yang ada saat ini persis sama dengan yang disampaikan kepada Muhammad, kemudian disampaikan lagi kepada pengikutnya, yang kemudian menghapalkan dan menulis isi Al Qur'an tersebut. Secara umum para ulama menyepakati bahwa versi Al-Qur'an yang ada saat ini, pertama kali dikompilasi pada masa kekhalifahan Utsman bin Affan (khalifah Islam ke-3) yang berkisar antara 650 hingga 656 M. Utsman bin Affan kemudian mengirimkan duplikat dari versi kompilasi ini ke seluruh penjuru kekuasaan Islam pada masa itu dan memerintahkan agar semua versi selain itu dimusnahkan untuk keseragaman.[22]
Al-Qur'an memiliki 114 surah , dan sejumlah 6.236 ayat (terdapat perbedaan tergantung cara menghitung).[23] Hampir semua Muslim menghafal setidaknya beberapa bagian dari keseluruhan Al-Qur'an, mereka yang menghafal keseluruhan Al-Qur'an dikenal sebagai hafiz (jamak:huffaz). Pencapaian ini bukanlah sesuatu yang jarang, dipercayai bahwa saat ini terdapat jutaan penghapal Al-Qur'an diseluruh dunia. Di Indonesia ada lomba Musabaqah Tilawatil Qur'an yaitu lomba membaca Al-Qur'an dengan tartil atau baik dan benar. Yang membacakan disebut Qari (pria) atau Qariah (wanita).
Muslim juga percaya bahwa Al-Qur'an hanya berbahasa Arab. Hasil terjemahan dari Al-Qur'an ke berbagai bahasa tidak merupakan Al-Qur'an itu sendiri. Oleh karena itu terjemahan hanya memiliki kedudukan sebagai komentar terhadap Al-Qur'an ataupun hasil usaha mencari makna Al-Qur'an, tetapi bukan Al-Qur'an itu sendiri.

sunting] Nabi Muhammad S.A.W

Muhammad (570-632) adalah nabi terakhir dalam ajaran Islam dimana mengakui kenabiannya merupakan salah satu syarat untuk dapat disebut sebagai seorang muslim (lihat syahadat). Dalam Islam Muhammad tidak diposisikan sebagai seorang pembawa ajaran baru, melainkan merupakan penutup dari rangkaian nabi-nabi yang diturunkan sebelumnya.
Terlepas dari tingginya statusnya sebagai seorang Nabi, Muhammad dalam pandangan Islam adalah seorang manusia biasa. Namun setiap perkataan dan perilaku dalam kehidupannya dipercayai merupakan bentuk ideal dari seorang muslim. Oleh karena itu dalam Islam dikenal istilah hadits yakni kumpulan perkataan (sabda), perbuatan, ketetapan maupun persetujuan Muhammad. Hadits adalah teks utama (sumber hukum) kedua Islam setelah Al Qur'an.

[sunting] Sejarah

[sunting] Masa sebelum kedatangan Islam

Jazirah Arab sebelum kedatangan agama Islam merupakan sebuah kawasan perlintasan perdagangan dalam Jalan Sutera yang menjadikan satu antara Indo Eropa dengan kawasan Asia di timur. Kebanyakan orang Arab merupakan penyembah berhala dan ada sebagian yang merupakan pengikut agama-agama Kristen dan Yahudi. Mekkah adalah tempat yang suci bagi bangsa Arab ketika itu, karena di sana terdapat berhala-berhala agama mereka, telaga Zamzam, dan yang terpenting adalah Ka'bah. Masyarakat ini disebut pula Jahiliyah atau dalam artian lain bodoh. Bodoh disini bukan dalam intelegensianya namun dalam pemikiran moral. Warga Quraisy terkenal dengan masyarakat yang suka berpuisi. Mereka menjadikan puisi sebagai salah satu hiburan disaat berkumpul di tempat-tempat ramai.

Masa awal


Negara-negara dengan populasi Muslim mencapai 10% (hijau dengan dominan sunni, merah dengan dominan syi'ah) (Sumber - CIA World Factbook, 2004).
Islam bermula pada tahun 611 ketika wahyu pertama diturunkan kepada rasul yang terakhir yaitu Muhammad bin Abdullah di Gua Hira', Arab Saudi.
Muhammad dilahirkan di Mekkah pada tanggal 12 Rabiul Awal Tahun Gajah (571 masehi). Ia dilahirkan ditengah-tengah suku Quraish pada zaman jahiliyah, dalam kehidupan suku-suku padang pasir yang suka berperang dan menyembah berhala. Muhammad dilahirkan dalam keadaan yatim, sebab ayahnya Abdullah wafat ketika ia masih berada di dalam kandungan. Pada saat usianya masih 6 tahun, ibunya Aminah meninggal dunia. Sepeninggalan ibunya, Muhammad dibesarkan oleh kakeknya Abdul Muthalib dan dilanjutkan oleh pamannya yaitu Abu Talib. Muhammad kemudian menikah dengan seorang janda bernama Siti Khadijah dan menjalani kehidupan secara sederhana.
Ketika Muhammad berusia 40 tahun, ia mulai mendapatkan wahyu yang disampaikan Malaikat Jibril, dan sesudahnya selama beberapa waktu mulai mengajarkan ajaran Islam secara tertutup kepada para sahabatnya. Setelah tiga tahun menyebarkan Islam secara sembunyi-sembunyi, akhirnya ajaran Islam kemudian juga disampaikan secara terbuka kepada seluruh penduduk Mekkah, yang mana sebagian menerima dan sebagian lainnya menentangnya.
Pada tahun 622 masehi, Muhammad dan pengikutnya berpindah ke Madinah. Peristiwa ini disebut Hijrah, dan semenjak peristiwa itulah dasar permulaan perhitungan kalender Islam. Di Madinah, Muhammad dapat menyatukan orang-orang anshar (kaum muslimin dari Madinah) dan muhajirin (kaum muslimin dari Mekkah), sehingga semakin kuatlah umat Islam. Dalam setiap peperangan yang dilakukan melawan orang-orang kafir, umat Islam selalu mendapatkan kemenangan. Dalam fase awal ini, tak terhindarkan terjadinya perang antara Mekkah dan Madinah.
Keunggulan diplomasi nabi Muhammad SAW pada saat perjanjian Hudaibiyah, menyebabkan umat Islam memasuki fase yang sangat menentukan. Banyak penduduk Mekkah yang sebelumnya menjadi musuh kemudian berbalik memeluk Islam, sehingga ketika penaklukan kota Mekkah oleh umat Islam tidak terjadi pertumpahan darah. Ketika Muhammad wafat, hampir seluruh Jazirah Arab telah memeluk agama Islam.

[sunting] Khalifah Rasyidin

Khalifah Rasyidin atau Khulafaur Rasyidin memilki arti pemimpin yang baik diawali dengan kepemimpinan Abu Bakar, dan dilanjutkan oleh kepemimpinan Umar bin Khattab, Utsman bin Affan dan Ali bin Abu Thalib. Pada masa ini umat Islam mencapai kestabilan politik dan ekonomi. Abu Bakar memperkuat dasar-dasar kenegaraan umat Islam dan mengatasi pemberontakan beberapa suku-suku Arab yang terjadi setelah meninggalnya Muhammad. Umar bin Khattab, Utsman bin Affan dan Ali bin Abu Thalib berhasil memimpin balatentara dan kaum Muslimin pada umumnya untuk mendakwahkan Islam, terutama ke Syam, Mesir, dan Irak. Dengan takluknya negeri-negeri tersebut, banyak harta rampasan perang dan wilayah kekuasaan yang dapat diraih oleh umat Islam.

[sunting] Masa kekhalifahan selanjutnya

Setelah periode Khalifah Rasyidin, kepemimpinan umat Islam berganti dari tangan ke tangan dengan pemimpinnya yang juga disebut "khalifah", atau kadang-kadang "amirul mukminin", "sultan", dan sebagainya. Pada periode ini khalifah tidak lagi ditentukan berdasarkan orang yang terbaik di kalangan umat Islam, melainkan secara turun-temurun dalam satu dinasti (bahasa Arab: bani) sehingga banyak yang menyamakannya dengan kerajaan; misalnya kekhalifahan Bani Umayyah, Bani Abbasiyyah, hingga Bani Utsmaniyyah.
Besarnya kekuasaan kekhalifahan Islam telah menjadikannya salah satu kekuatan politik yang terkuat dan terbesar di dunia pada saat itu. Timbulnya tempat-tempat pembelajaran ilmu-ilmu agama, filsafat, sains, dan tata bahasa Arab di berbagai wilayah dunia Islam telah mewujudkan satu kontinuitas kebudayaan Islam yang agung. Banyak ahli-ahli ilmu pengetahuan bermunculan dari berbagai negeri-negeri Islam, terutamanya pada zaman keemasan Islam sekitar abad ke-7 sampai abad ke-13 masehi.
Luasnya wilayah penyebaran agama Islam dan terpecahnya kekuasaan kekhalifahan yang sudah dimulai sejak abad ke-8, menyebabkan munculnya berbagai otoritas-otoritas kekuasaan terpisah yang berbentuk "kesultanan"; misalnya Kesultanan Safawi, Kesultanan Turki Seljuk, Kesultanan Mughal, Kesultanan Samudera Pasai dan Kesultanan Malaka, yang telah menjadi kesultanan-kesultanan yang memiliki kekuasaan yang kuat dan terkenal di dunia. Meskipun memiliki kekuasaan terpisah, kesultanan-kesultanan tersebut secara nominal masih menghormati dan menganggap diri mereka bagian dari kekhalifahan Islam.
Pada kurun ke-18 dan ke-19 masehi, banyak kawasan-kawasan Islam jatuh ke tangan penjajah Eropa. Kesultanan Utsmaniyyah (Kerajaan Ottoman) yang secara nominal dianggap sebagai kekhalifahan Islam terakhir, akhirnya tumbang selepas Perang Dunia I. Kerajaan ottoman pada saat itu dipimpin oleh Sultan Muhammad V. Karena dianggap kurang tegas oleh kaum pemuda Turki yang di pimpin oleh mustafa kemal pasha atau kemal attaturk, sistem kerajaan dirombak dan diganti menjadi republik.

[sunting] Demografi

Saat ini diperkirakan terdapat antara 1.250 juta hingga 1,4 miliar umat Muslim yang tersebar di seluruh dunia. Dari jumlah tersebut sekitar 18% hidup di negara-negara Arab, 20% di Afrika, 20% di Asia Tenggara, 30% di Asia Selatan yakni Pakistan, India dan Bangladesh. Populasi Muslim terbesar dalam satu negara dapat dijumpai di Indonesia. Populasi Muslim juga dapat ditemukan dalam jumlah yang signifikan di Republik Rakyat Cina, Amerika Serikat, Eropa, Asia Tengah, dan Rusia.
Pertumbuhan Muslim sendiri diyakini mencapai 2,9% per tahun, sementara pertumbuhan penduduk dunia hanya mencapai 2,3%. Besaran ini menjadikan Islam sebagai agama dengan pertumbuhan pemeluk yang tergolong cepat di dunia. [1]. Beberapa pendapat menghubungkan pertumbuhan ini dengan tingginya angka kelahiran di banyak negara Islam (enam dari sepuluh negara di dunia dengan angka kelahiran tertinggi di dunia adalah negara dengan mayoritas Muslim [2]. Namun belum lama ini, sebuah studi demografi telah menyatakan bahwa angka kelahiran negara Muslim menurun hingga ke tingkat negara Barat. [3]

Tempat ibadah

Rumah ibadat umat Muslim disebut masjid atau mesjid. Ibadah yang biasa dilakukan di Masjid antara lain salat berjama'ah, ceramah agama, perayaan hari besar, diskusi agama, belajar mengaji (membaca Al-Qur'an) dan lain sebagainya.


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